Uhlelo oluncane lokungena emgogodleni wangemuva
isibonakaliso:
Isifo samathambo omgogodla (esibhekisa ebuhlungwini bomgogodla obubangelwa ukubola kwamathambo), ukulimala (okungukuthi ukuphuka noma ukukhubazeka), ukuqina komgogodla, ukugoba (okungukuthi i-scoliosis, i-kyphosis, kanye/noma i-lordosis), imithambo yomgogodla, i-pseudarthrosis, kanye nokuhluleka kokuhlanganiswa kwangaphambili.